The BC548 is a low-noise NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) designed for general-purpose switching and signal amplification applications. It is widely used in audio circuits, sensor interfaces, relay drivers, LED switching, Arduino projects, amplifiers, and DIY electronics. With its compact TO-92 package and high current gain, the BC548 is a popular choice for low-power electronic circuits.
Features
- Full Name: BC548 NPN General Purpose Transistor
- General-purpose NPN transistor
- Low noise operation
- High DC current gain
- Fast switching performance
- Suitable for switching and amplification
- Compact TO-92 package
- Low power consumption
- Reliable and durable construction
- Easy to integrate into electronic circuits
Specifications
| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| Product Type | NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) |
| Model | BC548 |
| Package | TO-92 |
| Collector-Emitter Voltage (VCEO) | 30V |
| Collector-Base Voltage (VCBO) | 30V |
| Emitter-Base Voltage (VEBO) | 5V |
| Maximum Collector Current (IC) | 100mA |
| Maximum Power Dissipation | 500mW |
| DC Current Gain (hFE) | 110–800 (A/B/C gain groups) |
| Transition Frequency (fT) | Approx. 300 MHz |
| Operating Temperature | -55°C to +150°C |
Pin Configuration
When viewed from the flat side with the leads pointing downward:
| Pin | Function |
|---|---|
| 1 | Collector (C) |
| 2 | Base (B) |
| 3 | Emitter (E) |
Note: Some manufacturers may use a different lead arrangement. Always verify the datasheet of your specific BC548 before use.
Applications / Uses
- Audio amplifier circuits
- Signal amplification
- Relay driver circuits
- LED switching
- Sensor interface circuits
- Arduino and ESP32 projects
- Oscillator circuits
- Logic switching
- Educational electronics
- DIY electronics projects
Advantages
- Low noise performance
- High current gain
- Fast switching speed
- Compact TO-92 package
- Low power consumption
- Reliable operation
- Low cost
- Widely available
Size
| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| Package Type | TO-92 |
| Body Width | Approx. 4.5 mm |
| Body Height | Approx. 5 mm |
| Overall Height (with leads) | Approx. 14 mm |
| Lead Pitch | 1.27 mm |
| Weight | Approx. 0.3 g |
Package Includes
- 1 × BC548 NPN General Purpose Transistor (TO-92)
Note: The BC548 is intended for low-current applications with a maximum collector current of 100mA. It is commonly used in low-noise audio preamplifiers and signal amplification circuits. For higher-current applications such as motors or power relays, use a power transistor like BD139, D882, or a suitable MOSFET. Always use an appropriate base resistor when driving the transistor from a microcontroller or logic output.






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